#
# VX-CHEAT-SHEET: Volume manager & FS cheats
#
# $Id: VX-CHEAT-SHEET,v 1.4 2004/02/13 23:15:30 joomul Exp $
Adding a new disk
-----------------
vxdisksetup -i <disk_device_address>
ex:
/etc/vx/bin/vxdisksetup -i c2t1d0
or if enclosure-based naming is in use:
/etc/vx/bin/vxdisksetup -i sena1_4
-i: Writes a disk header to the disk, making the disk directly usable
(as a new disk in a disk group, for example).
Default size of private region = 2048 blocks. Can be changed by:
/etc/vx/bin/vxdisksetup -i c2t1d0 privlen=2500k
If more than 500 volumes are to be created in a single disk group, the private
region for each disk must be set to at least 1 megabyte. This can be
accomplished by initializing each disk with the vxdisksetup command, as shown
here:
# vxdisksetup -i c#t#d# privlen=1m
Removing a disk
---------------
vxdiskunsetup [-C] disk_device_address
The vxdiskunsetup command reverses the configuration done by
vxdisksetup and makes the specified disks unusable by VxVM.
vxdiskunsetup can be applied only to VxVM-initialized disks
that are not in use within an imported disk group.
Force deconfiguration of a VxVM-initialized disk, c0f4d0:
/etc/vx/bin/vxdiskunsetup -C c0t4d0
-C vxdiskunsetup usually does not operate on disks
that appear to be imported by some other host (for
example, a host that shares access to the disk).
In this case, the -C option can be specified to
force de-configuration of the disk, effectively
removing the host locks that were detected by
vxdiskunsetup.
Default name for a volume?
--------------------------
vol01
Default name for a plex?
------------------------
volname-##
Which minimal pkgs are needed to run vxvm?
------------------------------------------
lic & vxvm
What is a plex?
---------------
One complete copy of a volume. Composed of either subdisks or volumes.
What command to list installed licenses?
----------------------------------------
vrts:vxlicense: INFO: Options are:
-c create a license key file
-p print license details
-u print Host ID
-t feature test a license
-H print this message
What is the default stripe size in an R5 vol?
--------------------------------------------
16K (raid5_stripeunit=width)
What is the command to import, clear and rename a diskgroup?
------------------------------------------------------------
vxdg -n <newname> -C import <old dg name>
What gives best resiliance: R0+1 or R1+0?
-----------------------------------------
R1+0: Mirrored at subdisk level and then mirrors striped together to make a
volume. In case of a diskfailure, only a small subdisk need to be resynced.
What is the command to shrink or grow a volume?
-----------------------------------------------
vxassist growto <volume> <newlength>
vxassist growby <volume> <length>
vxassist maxgrow <volume>
vxassist shrinkby <volume> <length>
vxassist shrinkto <volume> <newlenght>
*Note: vxasissit does NOT resize the filesystem on <volume>
NAME
vxresize - change the length of a volume containing a file
system
SYNOPSIS
/etc/vx/bin/vxresize [-bfsx] [-F fstype] [-g diskgroup] [-t
tasktag] volume new_length [medianame...]
see also "fsadm -b <newsize>" for sizing fs's.
/etc/vx/bin/vxresize vol01 1g
* volume must be mounted for the operation to succeed.
What is the command to deport a diskgroup AND to rename it?
-----------------------------------------------------------
vxdg -n <newname> deport gallia
Where to set the default 'trigger point' value for vxassist?
------------------------------------------------------------
/etc/default/vxassist
What is the command to see if vmsa_server is running?
----------------------------------------------
vmsa_server - VERITAS VM Storage Administrator Server
usage: vmsa_server [-V|-q|-k|-r|-h]
Options:
-V Prints the version
-q Query to check if server is running
-k Kill the server processes
-r Start server in Read-Only mode
-u Print client users connected to the server
-h Prints out this help message
What is the command to upgrade a dg from version 50 to the latest?
------------------------------------------------------------------
vxdg -T 50 upgrade rootdg
vxdg list rootdg
What is the name of the Unix group for vmsa administrators?
-----------------------------------------------------------
vrtsadm
What to choose in vmsa to create a concat-mirror?
-------------------------------------------------
vxassist -g rootdg make vol01 10m layout=nostripe
What is the command to create a new diskgroup?
----------------------------------------------
vxdg init gallia c0t1d0
What is the path to the vmsa logfile?
------------------------------------
root@nestorix # ls -l /var/opt/vmsa/logs/
total 6
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 104 Oct 24 18:25 access
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 946 Oct 24 23:34 command
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 933 Oct 27 10:48 server.log
What are the default parameters for stripes?
--------------------------------------------
[columns and strip size]
stripe unit width= 128 blocks = 64KB
columns=#disks
What is a striped-pro volume?
-----------------------------
Is a volume that with mirroring at the subdisk level. The resulting columns are
striped together to create a volume. Also know as R1+0.
What command will scan all scsi busses for vxvm disks?
------------------------------------------------------
vxdiskconfig
root@nestorix # vxdiskconfig
This command may take a few minutes to complete execution
Executing Solaris command: drvconfig (part 1 of 4) at 13:44:36 MET
Executing Solaris command: disks (part 2 of 4) at 13:44:50 MET
Executing Solaris command: devlinks (part 3 of 4) at 13:44:52 MET
Executing VxVM command: vxdctl enable (part 4 of 4) at 13:44:54 MET
Command completed at 13:44:55 MET
root@nestorix # which vxdiskconfig
/usr/sbin/vxdiskconfig
root@nestorix # file /usr/sbin/vxdiskconfig
/usr/sbin/vxdiskconfig: executable /sbin/sh script
What command to continously monitor task progress?
--------------------------------------------------
vxtask monitor 166
What command to set the read policy to "round robin" for a volume?
------------------------------------------------------------------
vxvol rdpol round vol01
What command to set the readpolicy to one plex of a volume?
-------------------------------------------------------------------
vxvol rdpol prefer vol02 vol02-01
volnm plex
What command to create a 3-way mirror?
--------------------------------------
vxassist -o ordered make mirstrvol 10g layout=mirror-stripe \
ncol=3 disk01 disk02 disk03 disk04 disk05 disk06
vxassist make vol01 1m layout=mirror nmirror=3
What command to remove a disk from a dg?
----------------------------------------
vxdg -g rootdg rmdisk c0t1d0
What command to change the vxfs fs size?
----------------------------------------
fsadm -b 10m /opt/v01
- works even on a mounted fs
- increase does not work if fs 100% full ;-( errno 28 )
What are vxfs's possible blocksizes?
------------------------------------
1024 - 8192 and be a power of 2
The default is 1024 bytes for all file system sizes.
What command to create a vxfs snapshot?
---------------------------------------
mount -F vxfs -o snapof=/dev/vx/dsk/rootdg/vol01 \ # vol to be snapped.
/dev/vx/dsk/rootdg/vol02 \ # backing store
/mnt # mtpt of snap
What command to simulate the creation of a vxfs?
------------------------------------------------
mkfs -F vxfs -oN,... /dev/vx/rdsk/rootdg/vol01
What command to set the logsize for a vxfs?
------------------------- ------------------
mkfs -F vxfs -o logsize=n blocks
ERROR: logsize must be >= 256 and <= 16384
What command for defragmenting a vxfs?
--------------------------------------
fsadm
-d Reorganizes directories. Directory entries are
reordered to place subdirectory entries first,
then all other entries in decreasing order of time
of last access. The directory is also compacted
to remove free space.
-e Extent reorganization. Minimizes file system
fragmentation. Files are reorganized to have the
minimum number of extents.
What command to report about vxfs fragmentation?
------------------------------------------------
fsadm
-E Reports on extent fragmentation. If specified
with the -e option, the fragmentation report is
produced both before and after the extent reorgan-
ization.
-D Reports on directory fragmentation. If specified
in with the -d option, the fragmentation report is
produced both before and after the directory reor-
ganization.
What is the default size of the intent log for vxfs?
----------------------------------------------------
16384 blocks = 8KB
In a dg with 10 disks; how many config. copies are there at min.?
-----------------------------------------------------------------
10.
From the vxdg manpage;
With the default policy, at least one configuration and log copy
is maintained for each enclosure. It is ensured that at least one
configuration and log copy is maintained for each host controller connected
to an enclosure. If this does not result in allocating at least 4 copies, then
additional copies are spread uniformly across enclosures.
From adminguide, p. 287;
The default policy for configuration copies in the disk group is to allocate a
configuration copy for each controller identified in the disk group, or for
each target that contains multiple addressable disks.
Looks like "4 copies" per DG is the minimum.
What types of resyncing exist for vxvm?
----------------------------------------
[atomic-blah]
What command to print a re-usable configuration?
------------------------------------------------
vxprint -mpvshr -g diskgroup_name
What command for 'undoing' hot relocation?
------------------------------------------
NAME
vxunreloc - move a hot-relocated subdisk back to its origi-
nal disk
SYNOPSIS
/etc/vx/bin/vxunreloc [-f] [-g diskgroup] [-n dm_name] [-t
tasktag] dm_name
DESCRIPTION
The VERITAS Volume Manager (VxVM) hot-relocation feature can
detect an I/O failure in a subdisk, relocate the subdisk,
and recover the plex associated with the subdisk. vxunreloc
lets you reverse the process and move the hot-relocated sub-
disks back onto a disk that was replaced after a disk
failure.
Volume layout before the failed disk
v jvol - ENABLED ACTIVE 409600 fsgen - SELECT
pl jvol-01 jvol ENABLED ACTIVE 409600 CONCAT - RW
sd disk01-01 jvol-01 disk01 0 409600 0 c0t4d0 ENA
pl jvol-02 jvol ENABLED ACTIVE 411255 CONCAT - RW
sd disk02-01 jvol-02 disk02 0 411255 0 c1t3d0 ENA
Volume layout after the hot-relocation operation
v jvol - ENABLED ACTIVE 409600 fsgen - SELECT
pl jvol-01 jvol ENABLED ACTIVE 409600 CONCAT - RW
sd disk01-01 jvol-01 disk01 0 409600 0 c0t4d0 ENA
pl jvol-02 jvol ENABLED STALE 411255 CONCAT - WO
sd disk03-01 jvol-02 disk03 0 411255 0 c1t4d0 ENA
Volume layout after the command vxunreloc -g datadg disk02
v jvol - ENABLED ACTIVE 409600 fsgen - SELECT
pl jvol-01 jvol ENABLED ACTIVE 409600 CONCAT - RW
sd disk01-01 jvol-01 disk01 0 409600 0 c0t4d0 ENA
pl jvol-02 jvol ENABLED ACTIVE 411255 CONCAT - RW
sd disk02-UR-001 jvol-02 disk02 0 411255 0 c1t3d0 ENA
Note the unrelocated subdisk "disk02-UR-001"
What vxvm kernel states degrade performance?
------------------------------------------------
[ENABLED, DETACHED, FAILED]
What is the result of mounting a snapshotfs?
-------------------------------------------
[data first written to snapshot, then to volume]
- Orginal data is first read off the volume.
- Data is written to the snapshot (only once)
- Data is written to the volume.
Question should be: What happens with a write to a
snapshotted FS?
What command to add a disk to a dg and name it 'rootmir'?
--------------------------------------------------------
vxdg -g rootdg adddisk rootmir=c0t1d0
What command to add a mirror ?
------------------------------
vxassist mirror bigvol
Caution: Do not use vxassist to mirror an encapsulated root disk.
Instead use menu item 6 (Mirror Volumes on a Disk) in the vxdiskadm command.
What command to make a 10G striped volume
-----------------------------------------
vxassist -g rootdg make vol01 10g layout=stripe ncol=2 stripeunit=128K rootdisk rootmir
delete a volume?
----------------
vxedit -rf rm vol01
vxassist remove volume vol01
Stopped volume in vxprin>-c create a license key file
-p print license details
-u print Host ID
-t feature test a license
-H print this message
What is the default stripe size in an R5 vol?
--------------------------------------------
16K (raid5_stripeunit=width)
What is the command to import, clear and rename a diskgroup?
------------------------------------------------------------
vxdg -n <newname> -C import <old dg name>
What gives best resiliance: R0+1 or R1+0?
-----------------------------------------
R1+0: Mirrored at subdisk level and then mirrors striped together to make a
volume. In case of a diskfailure, only a small subdisk need to be resynced.
What is the command to shrink or grow a volume?
-----------------------------------------------
vxassist growto <volume> <newlength>
vxassist growby <volume> <length>
vxassist maxgrow <volume>
vxassist shrinkby <volume> <length>
vxassist shrinkto <volume> <newlenght>
*Note: vxasissit does NOT resize the filesystem on <volume>
NAME
vxresize - change the length of a volume containing a file
system
SYNOPSIS
/etc/vx/bin/vxresize [-bfsx] [-F fstype] [-g diskgroup] [-t
tasktag] volume new_length [medianame...]
see also "fsadm -b <newsize>" for sizing fs's.
/etc/vx/bin/vxresize vol01 1g
* volume must be mounted for the operation to succeed.
What is the command to deport a diskgroup AND to rename it?
-----------------------------------------------------------
vxdg -n <newname> deport gallia
Where to set the default 'trigger point' value for vxassist?
------------------------------------------------------------
/etc/default/vxassist
What is the command to see if vmsa_server is running?
----------------------------------------------
vmsa_server - VERITAS VM Storage Administrator Server
usage: vmsa_server [-V|-q|-k|-r|-h]
Options:
-V Prints the version
-q Query to check if server is running
-k Kill the server processes
-r Start server in Read-Only mode
-u Print client users connected to the server
-h Prints out this help message
What is the command to upgrade a dg from version 50 to the latest?
------------------------------------------------------------------
vxdg -T 50 upgrade rootdg
vxdg list rootdg
What is the name of the Unix group for vmsa administrators?
-----------------------------------------------------------
vrtsadm
What to choose in vmsa to create a concat-mirror?
--------------data called "stripe units". Striping improves
performance.
Note that the data in this type of volume cannot be recovered if one of the
underlying disks fails. However, a striped volume can be mirrored (copied) onto
another disks to protect its data against disk failure.
mirror
------
Volumes with concatenated or striped layouts can be mirrored to increase data
availability. All of the data in a mirrored volume is duplicated on at least
one other physical disk. If one of the disks fails, the data can still be
accessed from one of the remaining disks.
The plexes in a mirrored volume typically have the same layout, but a volume
can consist of plexes with different layouts.
A mirrored volume has a A mirrored volume has a "mixed" layout if the plexes in
the volume have different layouts.
layered
-------
A layered volume is built on one or more other volumes. The underlying volumes
are typically mirrored. In layered volumes, mirroring is done at a lower level
and with smaller granularity than with non-layered volumes, so each mirror
covers a relatively small storage region.
Layered volumes tolerate disk failure better than non-layered volumes and
provide improved data redundancy. If a disk in a layered volume fails, only a
portion of the redundancy is lost and recovery time is usually quicker than it
would be for a non-layered volume. Layered volumes also reduce the chance that
two disk failures will result in lost data.
The underlying volumes in a layered volume are used exclusively by VxVM and are
not intended for user manipulation.
You can create the following types of LAYERED volumes:
- Concatenated Pro Volume
A concatenated pro volume is a layered volume that concatenates several
underlying mirror volumes.
vxassist cmd = concat-mirror
| c | c | c | c |\
m m m m m - vol01
| | | | |/
- Striped Pro Volume
A striped pro volume is a layered volume that stripes several underlying
mirror volumes.
vxassist cmd = stripe-mirror
| s | s | s | s |\
m m m m m - vol01
| | | | |/
The vxassist cmd's like mirror-stripe or mirror-stripe should be interpreted
as "mirror OF stripe" (I.e, first stripe than mirror, i.e., raid 0+1).
mirror-stripe
-------------
Specifies that new volumes should be mirrored and striped. The mirroring is
done at the volume level. The attributes stripe-mirror-col-trigger-pt and
stripe-mirror-col-split-trigger-pt are ignored with this layout.
mirror-concat
-------------
Specifies that new volumes should be mirrored. The mirroring is done at the
volume level. The attributes stripe-mirror-col-trigger-pt and
stripe-mirror-col-split-trigger-pt are ignored with this layout.
raid5
-----
RAID-5 volume data is interleaved (striped) across three or more physical disks.
Within each stripe across the set of disks, the data on one of the disks is
parity data. If one of the physical disks fails, the parity data can be used to
reconstruct and recover the lost data.
Note that RAID-5 volumes cannot be mirrored.
stripe-mirror-col
-----------------
Specifies that new volumes should be striped and mirrored. The mirroring is
handled at each column level. The attributes stripe-mirror-col-trigger-pt
and stripe-mirror-col-split-trigger-pt are ignored with this layout.
stripe-mirror-sd
----------------
Specifies that new volumes should be striped and mirrored. The mirroring is
handled at each subdisk level.
** Note that there are no simple "mirror" or "stripe" specifiers, however, the
Help below DOES show "mirror" and "stripe" layouts **
root@nestorix # vxassist help layout
vxassist [ options ] [ -b ] make volume length [ attribute...]
Layout attributes for vxassist:
Usage: vxassist keyword operands ... layout=layout-attr[,attr[,...]]
stripe,nostripe Create a striped or non-stripe volume.
mirror,nomirror,raid5 Create a mirrored, unmirrored, or RAID-5 volume.
stripe-mirror Create a striped and mirrored volume.
stripe-mirror-sd Create a striped and mirrored volume.
mirror-stripe Create a mirrored and striped volume.
concat-mirror Create a concatenated and mirrored volume.
mirror-concat Create a mirrored and concatenated volume.
contig,nocontig Require that allocations be (not be) contiguous.
span,nospan Allow (disallow) allocations from spanning disks.
diskalign,nodiskalign Align (don't align) on disk tracks and cylinders.
log,nolog Create (don't create) DRL, DCM, or RAID-5 log.
vxassist [ options ] [ -b ] mirror volume [ attribute...]
Mirroring attributes for vxassist:
Usage: vxassist keyword operands ... mirror=mirror-attr[,attr[,...]]
or: vxassist keyword operands ... wantmirror=mirror-attr[,attr[,...]]
<number> Create <number> mirrors for a volume (default: 2).
ctlr Mirror between controllers.
target Mirror between SCSI targets.
tray Mirror between separately removable disk trays.
NOTE: wantmirror indicates desired, but not required, attributes. The
wantmirror attribute does not take a number.
What is an "accessname" and what is a "diskname"?
-------------------------------------------------
accessname = system-specific names that relate to disk addresses = c#t#d#s#
medianame = logical name assigned by vm, eg "rootdisk", "swapvol".
vxdisk can only access "accessnames"
What can be converted with the "vxassist c#
# VX-CHEAT-SHEET: Volume manager & FS cheats
#
# $Id: VX-CHEAT-SHEET,v 1.4 2004/02/13 23:15:30 joomul Exp $
Adding a new disk
-----------------
vxdisksetup -i <disk_device_address>
ex:
/etc/vx/bin/vxdisksetup -i c2t1d0
or if enclosure-based naming is in use:
/etc/vx/bin/vxdisksetup -i sena1_4
-i: Writes a disk header to the disk, making the disk directly usable
(as a new disk in a disk group, for example).
Default size of private region = 2048 blocks. Can be changed by:
/etc/vx/bin/vxdisksetup -i c2t1d0 privlen=2500k
If more than 500 volumes are to be created in a single disk group, the private
region for each disk must be set to at least 1 megabyte. This can be
accomplished by initializing each disk with the vxdisksetup command, as shown
here:
# vxdisksetup -i c#t#d# privlen=1m
Removing a disk
---------------
vxdiskunsetup [-C] disk_device_address
The vxdiskunsetup command reverses the configuration done by
vxdisksetup and makes the specified disks unusable by VxVM.
vxdiskunsetup can be applied only to VxVM-initialized disks
that are not in use within an imported disk group.
Force deconfiguration of a VxVM-initialized disk, c0f4d0:
/etc/vx/bin/vxdiskunsetup -C c0t4d0
-C vxdiskunsetup usually does not operate on disks
that appear to be imported by some other host (for
example, a host that shares access to the disk).
In this case, the -C option can be specified to
force de-configuration of the disk, effectively
removing the host locks that were detected by
vxdiskunsetup.
Default name for a volume?
--------------------------
vol01
Default name for a plex?
------------------------
volname-##
Which minimal pkgs are needed to run vxvm?
------------------------------------------
lic & vxvm
What is a plex?
---------------
One complete copy of a volume. Composed of either subdisks or volumes.
What command to list installed licenses?
----------------------------------------
vrts:vxlicense: INFO: Options are:
-c create a license key file
-p print license details
-u print Host ID
-t feature test a license
-H print this message
What is the default stripe size in an R5 vol?
--------------------------------------------
16K (raid5_stripeunit=width)
What is the command to import, clear and rename a diskgroup?
------------------------------------------------------------
vxdg -n <newname> -C import <old dg name>
What gives best resiliance: R0+1 or R1+0?
-----------------------------------------
R1+0: Mirrored at subdisk level and then mirrors striped together to make a
volume. In case of a diskfailure, only a small subdisk need to be resynced.
What is the command to shrink or grow a volume?
-----------------------------------------------
vxassist growto <volume> <newlength>
vxassist growby <volume> <length>
vxassist maxgrow <volume>
vxassist shrinkby <volume> <length>
vxassist shrinkto <volume> <newlenght>
*Note: vxasissit does NOT resize the filesystem on <volume>
NAME
vxresize - change the length of a volume containing a file
system
SYNOPSIS
/etc/vx/bin/vxresize [-bfsx] [-F fstype] [-g diskgroup] [-t
tasktag] volume new_length [medianame...]
see also "fsadm -b <newsize>" for sizing fs's.
/etc/vx/bin/vxresize vol01 1g
* volume must be mounted for the operation to succeed.
What is the command to deport a diskgroup AND to rename it?
-----------------------------------------------------------
vxdg -n <newname> deport gallia
Where to set the default 'trigger point' value for vxassist?
------------------------------------------------------------
/etc/default/vxassist
What is the command to see if vmsa_server is running?
----------------------------------------------
vmsa_server - VERITAS VM Storage Administrator Server
usage: vmsa_server [-V|-q|-k|-r|-h]
Options:
-V Prints the version
-q Query to check if server is running
-k Kill the server processes
-r Start server in Read-Only mode
-u Print client users connected to the server
-h Prints out this help message
What is the command to upgrade a dg from version 50 to the latest?
------------------------------------------------------------------
vxdg -T 50 upgrade rootdg
vxdg list rootdg
What is the name of the Unix group for vmsa administrators?
-----------------------------------------------------------
vrtsadm
What to choose in vmsa to create a concat-mirror?
-------------------------------------------------
vxassist -g rootdg make vol01 10m layout=nostripe
What is the command to create a new diskgroup?
----------------------------------------------
vxdg init gallia c0t1d0
What is the path to the vmsa logfile?
------------------------------------
root@nestorix # ls -l /var/opt/vmsa/logs/
total 6
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 104 Oct 24 18:25 access
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 946 Oct 24 23:34 command
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 933 Oct 27 10:48 server.log
What are the default parameters for stripes?
--------------------------------------------
[columns and strip size]
stripe unit width= 128 blocks = 64KB
columns=#disks
What is a striped-pro volume?
-----------------------------
Is a volume that with mirroring at the subdisk level. The resulting columns are
striped together to create a volume. Also know as R1+0.
What command will scan all scsi busses for vxvm disks?
------------------------------------------------------
vxdiskconfig
root@nestorix # vxdiskconfig
This command may take a few minutes to complete execution
Executing Solaris command: drvconfig (part 1 of 4) at 13:44:36 MET
Executing Solaris command: disks (part 2 of 4) at 13:44:50 MET
Executing Solaris command: devlinks (part 3 of 4) at 13:44:52 MET
Executing VxVM command: vxdctl enable (part 4 of 4) at 13:44:54 MET
Command completed at 13:44:55 MET
root@nestorix # which vxdiskconfig
/usr/sbin/vxdiskconfig
root@nestorix # file /usr/sbin/vxdiskconfig
/usr/sbin/vxdiskconfig: executable /sbin/sh script
What command to continously monitor task progress?
--------------------------------------------------
vxtask monitor 166
What command to set the read policy to "round robin" for a volume?
------------------------------------------------------------------
vxvol rdpol round vol01
What command to set the readpolicy to one plex of a volume?
-------------------------------------------------------------------
vxvol rdpol prefer vol02 vol02-01
volnm plex
What command to create a 3-way mirror?
--------------------------------------
vxassist -o ordered make mirstrvol 10g layout=mirror-stripe \
ncol=3 disk01 disk02 disk03 disk04 disk05 disk06
vxassist make vol01 1m layout=mirror nmirror=3
What command to remove a disk from a dg?
----------------------------------------
vxdg -g rootdg rmdisk c0t1d0
What command to change the vxfs fs size?
----------------------------------------
fsadm -b 10m /opt/v01
- works even on a mounted fs
- increase does not work if fs 100% full ;-( errno 28 )
What are vxfs's possible blocksizes?
------------------------------------
1024 - 8192 and be a power of 2
The default is 1024 bytes for all file system sizes.
What command to create a vxfs snapshot?
---------------------------------------
mount -F vxfs -o snapof=/dev/vx/dsk/rootdg/vol01 \ # vol to be snapped.
/dev/vx/dsk/rootdg/vol02 \ # backing store
/mnt # mtpt of snap
What command to simulate the creation of a vxfs?
------------------------------------------------
mkfs -F vxfs -oN,... /dev/vx/rdsk/rootdg/vol01
What command to set the logsize for a vxfs?
------------------------- ------------------
mkfs -F vxfs -o logsize=n blocks
ERROR: logsize must be >= 256 and <= 16384
What command for defragmenting a vxfs?
--------------------------------------
fsadm
-d Reorganizes directories. Directory entries are
reordered to place subdirectory entries first,
then all other entries in decreasing order of time
of last access. The directory is also compacted
to remove free space.
-e Extent reorganization. Minimizes file system
fragmentation. Files are reorganized to have the
minimum number of extents.
What command to report about vxfs fragmentation?
------------------------------------------------
fsadm
-E Reports on extent fragmentation. If specified
with the -e option, the fragmentation report is
produced both before and after the extent reorgan-
ization.
-D Reports on directory fragmentation. If specified
in with the -d option, the fragmentation report is
produced both before and after the directory reor-
ganization.
What is the default size of the intent log for vxfs?
----------------------------------------------------
16384 blocks = 8KB
In a dg with 10 disks; how many config. copies are there at min.?
-----------------------------------------------------------------
10.
From the vxdg manpage;
With the default policy, at least one configuration and log copy
is maintained for each enclosure. It is ensured that at least one
configuration and log copy is maintained for each host controller connected
to an enclosure. If this does not result in allocating at least 4 copies, then
additional copies are spread uniformly across enclosures.
From adminguide, p. 287;
The default policy for configuration copies in the disk group is to allocate a
configuration copy for each controller identified in the disk group, or for
each target that contains multiple addressable disks.
Looks like "4 copies" per DG is the minimum.
What types of resyncing exist for vxvm?
----------------------------------------
[atomic-blah]
What command to print a re-usable configuration?
------------------------------------------------
vxprint -mpvshr -g diskgroup_name
What command for 'undoing' hot relocation?
------------------------------------------
NAME
vxunreloc - move a hot-relocated subdisk back to its origi-
nal disk
SYNOPSIS
/etc/vx/bin/vxunreloc [-f] [-g diskgroup] [-n dm_name] [-t
tasktag] dm_name
DESCRIPTION
The VERITAS Volume Manager (VxVM) hot-relocation feature can
detect an I/O failure in a subdisk, relocate the subdisk,
and recover the plex associated with the subdisk. vxunreloc
lets you reverse the process and move the hot-relocated sub-
disks back onto a disk that was replaced after a disk
failure.
Volume layout before the failed disk
v jvol - ENABLED ACTIVE 409600 fsgen - SELECT
pl jvol-01 jvol ENABLED ACTIVE 409600 CONCAT - RW
sd disk01-01 jvol-01 disk01 0 409600 0 c0t4d0 ENA
pl jvol-02 jvol ENABLED ACTIVE 411255 CONCAT - RW
sd disk02-01 jvol-02 disk02 0 411255 0 c1t3d0 ENA
Volume layout after the hot-relocation operation
v jvol - ENABLED ACTIVE 409600 fsgen - SELECT
pl jvol-01 jvol ENABLED ACTIVE 409600 CONCAT - RW
sd disk01-01 jvol-01 disk01 0 409600 0 c0t4d0 ENA
pl jvol-02 jvol ENABLED STALE 411255 CONCAT - WO
sd disk03-01 jvol-02 disk03 0 411255 0 c1t4d0 ENA
Volume layout after the command vxunreloc -g datadg disk02
v jvol - ENABLED ACTIVE 409600 fsgen - SELECT
pl jvol-01 jvol ENABLED ACTIVE 409600 CONCAT - RW
sd disk01-01 jvol-01 disk01 0 409600 0 c0t4d0 ENA
pl jvol-02 jvol ENABLED ACTIVE 411255 CONCAT - RW
sd disk02-UR-001 jvol-02 disk02 0 411255 0 c1t3d0 ENA
Note the unrelocated subdisk "disk02-UR-001"
What vxvm kernel states degrade performance?
------------------------------------------------
[ENABLED, DETACHED, FAILED]
What is the result of mounting a snapshotfs?
-------------------------------------------
[data first written to snapshot, then to volume]
- Orginal data is first read off the volume.
- Data is written to the snapshot (only once)
- Data is written to the volume.
Question should be: What happens with a write to a
snapshotted FS?
What command to add a disk to a dg and name it 'rootmir'?
--------------------------------------------------------
vxdg -g rootdg adddisk rootmir=c0t1d0
What command to add a mirror ?
------------------------------
vxassist mirror bigvol
Caution: Do not use vxassist to mirror an encapsulated root disk.
Instead use menu item 6 (Mirror Volumes on a Disk) in the vxdiskadm command.
What command to make a 10G striped volume
-----------------------------------------
vxassist -g rootdg make vol01 10g layout=stripe ncol=2 stripeunit=128K rootdisk rootmir
delete a volume?
----------------
vxedit -rf rm vol01
vxassist remove volume vol01
Stopped volume in vxprint?
--------------------------
v vol01 fsgen DISABLED 20971520 - CLEAN - -
pl vol01-01 vol01 DISABLED 20978399 - CLEAN - -
sd rootmir-01 vol01-01 ENABLED 10489311 0 - - -
sd rootdisk-03 vol01-01 ENABLED 10485800 0 - - -
i.e. DISABLED.
What command to remove a plex from a mirror?
--------------------------------------------
vxplex dis vol01-02
vxedit -rf rm vol01-02
- dis-associates plex "vol01-02" with the vol01 volume.
- removes plex "vol01-02" and associated subdisk.
OR
vxassist remove mirror <volname>
What command to grow a volume + fs?
-----------------------------------
vxresize
What command to create a concat volume with logging
---------------------------------------------------
vxassist -g rootdg make vol01 10m layout=nostripe,log nmirror=2 \
alloc="rootdisk rootmir"
What command to remove a dg (including all disks in it)?
--------------------------------------------------------
1. remove all disk from the dg. The last one cannot be removed.
2. vxdg destroy test
What command to list the stripe unit width for a striped volume?
---------------------------------------------------------------
vxprint -ht <volname>
lists:
v vol01 - ENABLED ACTIVE 2097152 SELECT vol01-01 fsgen
pl vol01-01 vol01 ENABLED ACTIVE 2104323 STRIPE 2/128 RW
.... ^^^^^
Two columns. Width = 128 blocks = 64KB.
What command to create a striped volume with a unitwidth of 128k?
-----------------------------------------------------------------
vxassist make vol01 2g layout=stripe stripeunit=128k
How to delete a snapshot?
-------------------------
Snapshot is deleted when the snapshot volume is unmounted.
================================================================================
disklayouts
================================================================================
concat
------
A concatenated volume is made up of one or more disk regions that are linked
together (concatenated) in a linear fashion. A concatenated volume can consist
of disk regions on multiple disks; a concatenated volume that extends across
two or more disks is also known as a spanned volume.
Note that the data in this type of volume cannot be recovered if the underlying
disk fails. However, a concatenated volume can be mirrored (copied) onto another
disks to protect its data against disk failure.
stripe
------
Striped volume data is interleaved (striped) across two or more physical disks.
Striped volume data is spread across the disks alternately and evenly in small,
equal-sized portions of data called "stripe units". Striping improves
performance.
Note that the data in this type of volume cannot be recovered if one of the
underlying disks fails. However, a striped volume can be mirrored (copied) onto
another disks to protect its data against disk failure.
mirror
------
Volumes with concatenated or striped layouts can be mirrored to increase data
availability. All of the data in a mirrored volume is duplicated on at least
one other physical disk. If one of the disks fails, the data can still be
accessed from one of the remaining disks.
The plexes in a mirrored volume typically have the same layout, but a volume
can consist of plexes with different layouts.
A mirrored volume has a A mirrored volume has a "mixed" layout if the plexes in
the volume have different layouts.
layered
-------
A layered volume is built on one or more other volumes. The underlying volumes
are typically mirrored. In layered volumes, mirroring is done at a lower level
and with smaller granularity than with non-layered volumes, so each mirror
covers a relatively small storage region.
Layered volumes tolerate disk failure better than non-layered volumes and
provide improved data redundancy. If a disk in a layered volume fails, only a
portion of the redundancy is lost and recovery time is usually quicker than it
would be for a non-layered volume. Layered volumes also reduce the chance that
two disk failures will result in lost data.
The underlying volumes in a layered volume are used exclusively by VxVM and are
not intended for user manipulation.
You can create the following types of LAYERED volumes:
- Concatenated Pro Volume
A concatenated pro volume is a layered volume that concatenates several
underlying mirror volumes.
vxassist cmd = concat-mirror
| c | c | c | c |\
m m m m m - vol01
| | | | |/
- Striped Pro Volume
A striped pro volume is a layered volume that stripes several underlying
mirror volumes.
vxassist cmd = stripe-mirror
| s | s | s | s |\
m m m m m - vol01
| | | | |/
The vxassist cmd's like mirror-stripe or mirror-stripe should be interpreted
as "mirror OF stripe" (I.e, first stripe than mirror, i.e., raid 0+1).
mirror-stripe
-------------
Specifies that new volumes should be mirrored and striped. The mirroring is
done at the volume level. The attributes stripe-mirror-col-trigger-pt and
stripe-mirror-col-split-trigger-pt are ignored with this layout.
mirror-concat
-------------
Specifies that new volumes should be mirrored. The mirroring is done at the
volume level. The attributes stripe-mirror-col-trigger-pt and
stripe-mirror-col-split-trigger-pt are ignored with this layout.
raid5
-----
RAID-5 volume data is interleaved (striped) across three or more physical disks.
Within each stripe across the set of disks, the data on one of the disks is
parity data. If one of the physical disks fails, the parity data can be used to
reconstruct and recover the lost data.
Note that RAID-5 volumes cannot be mirrored.
stripe-mirror-col
-----------------
Specifies that new volumes should be striped and mirrored. The mirroring is
handled at each column level. The attributes stripe-mirror-col-trigger-pt
and stripe-mirror-col-split-trigger-pt are ignored with this layout.
stripe-mirror-sd
----------------
Specifies that new volumes should be striped and mirrored. The mirroring is
handled at each subdisk level.
** Note that there are no simple "mirror" or "stripe" specifiers, however, the
Help below DOES show "mirror" and "stripe" layouts **
root@nestorix # vxassist help layout
vxassist [ options ] [ -b ] make volume length [ attribute...]
Layout attributes for vxassist:
Usage: vxassist keyword operands ... layout=layout-attr[,attr[,...]]
stripe,nostripe Create a striped or non-stripe volume.
mirror,nomirror,raid5 Create a mirrored, unmirrored, or RAID-5 volume.
stripe-mirror Create a striped and mirrored volume.
stripe-mirror-sd Create a striped and mirrored volume.
mirror-stripe Create a mirrored and striped volume.
concat-mirror Create a concatenated and mirrored volume.
mirror-concat Create a mirrored and concatenated volume.
contig,nocontig Require that allocations be (not be) contiguous.
span,nospan Allow (disallow) allocations from spanning disks.
diskalign,nodiskalign Align (don't align) on disk tracks and cylinders.
log,nolog Create (don't create) DRL, DCM, or RAID-5 log.
vxassist [ options ] [ -b ] mirror volume [ attribute...]
Mirroring attributes for vxassist:
Usage: vxassist keyword operands ... mirror=mirror-attr[,attr[,...]]
or: vxassist keyword operands ... wantmirror=mirror-attr[,attr[,...]]
<number> Create <number> mirrors for a volume (default: 2).
ctlr Mirror between controllers.
target Mirror between SCSI targets.
tray Mirror between separately removable disk trays.
NOTE: wantmirror indicates desired, but not required, attributes. The
wantmirror attribute does not take a number.
What is an "accessname" and what is a "diskname"?
-------------------------------------------------
accessname = system-specific names that relate to disk addresses = c#t#d#s#
medianame = logical name assigned by vm, eg "rootdisk", "swapvol".
vxdisk can only access "accessnames"
What can be converted with the "vxassist convert" command?
----------------------------------------------------------
mirror-stripe <-> stripe-mirror
mirror-concat <-> concat-mirror
I.e., "convert" is to change to- and from layered volumes.
Example commands
----------------
config is two enclosures with six disks each. Created is a RAID 1+0 (layered)
volume named 'nsr'. First, get the maxsize:
vxassist -g datadg maxsize layout=stripe-mirror mirror=ctrl ncol=5 \
nsr01 nsr02 nsr03 nsr04 nsr05 nsr06 nsr07 nsr08 nsr09 nsr10
Maximum volume size: 355604480 (173635Mb)
vxassist -b -g datadg make nsr 355604480 layout=stripe-mirror \
mirror=ctrl ncol=5 \
nsr01 nsr02 nsr03 nsr04 nsr05 nsr06 nsr07 nsr08 nsr09 nsr10
result:
nsr01 -m - nsr06, nsr02 -m- nsr07 ....
| -s- |
How to make sure that all disks in a dg have a config copy?
-----------------------------------------------------------
vxedit -g rootdg set nconfig=all rootdg
vxedit -g datadg set nconfig=all datadg
onvert" command?
----------------------------------------------------------
mirror-stripe <-> stripe-mirror
mirror-concat <-> concat-mirror
I.e., "convert" is to change to- and from layered volumes.
Example commands
----------------
config is two enclosures with six disks each. Created is a RAID 1+0 (layered)
volume named 'nsr'. First, get the maxsize:
vxassist -g datadg maxsize layout=stripe-mirror mirror=ctrl ncol=5 \
nsr01 nsr02 nsr03 nsr04 nsr05 nsr06 nsr07 nsr08 nsr09 nsr10
Maximum volume size: 355604480 (173635Mb)
vxassist -b -g datadg make nsr 355604480 layout=stripe-mirror \
mirror=ctrl ncol=5 \
nsr01 nsr02 nsr03 nsr04 nsr05 nsr06 nsr07 nsr08 nsr09 nsr10
result:
nsr01 -m - nsr06, nsr02 -m- nsr07 ....
| -s- |
How to make sure that all disks in a dg have a config copy?
-----------------------------------------------------------
vxedit -g rootdg set nconfig=all rootdg
vxedit -g datadg set nconfig=all datadg
|
