From: sreenath sarikonda (sreeredhat@yahoo.com)
Date: Tue Jan 25 2005 - 14:30:34 EST
>Hell Gurus,
> I was checking the routing table of my
>system and it was chaning automatically. I have
>/etc/notrouter. Could some one explain this to me?
First of all thank you to Russell Page, Bruce
Kirkland, Ryan Krenzischek, Crist Clark,
Matthew Stier and jzhao.
My problem was solved by removing the
/etc/resolv.conf. I really don't know whether my
following theory is correct. The name server it was
pointing doesn't have any information regarding our
local systems and its not a local DNS server. I guess
the system was wasting time in DNS queries. We don't
have local dns server.As soon as I removed the file,
ftp connections stopped dropping.
Couple of points:
/etc/notrouter only disables ipforwarding.
It will still startup startup router discovery, if
/etc/defaultrouter
is not set.
___________________________________
About parameter :ip_ignore_direct is set to zero
Then if you want to prevent those routes from coming
back, you need to set it to one. The "D" in the
"Flags"
column indicates these routes are from redirects.
Redirects are supposed to improve performance. You may
want to look into why they are being sent in the first
place. This may be an indication that your network is
misconfigured.
Very much appreciated Russell's summary.
There are three different concepts to get in order to
understand
routing.
1. Is this machine a router?
2. Where should this machine forward packets to?
3. How does this machine acquire the routing
information it needs in
order
to answer question 2?
1. An IP router is ANY system that is connected to
more than one IP
network,
that forwards traffic between the networks. A Solaris
system with more
than
one configured interface will automatically configure
itself as a
router.
This means that other machines can forward IP packets
to it to be
forwarded
to another network. The file you mention -
/etc/notrouter - suppresses
this
behaviour. For instance a busy database server may be
connected to two
or
three networks. If it starts acting as a router then
it will be
sacrificing
resources to the routing function. In fact if there is
a lot of traffic
to
route, it may end up spending more time routing IP
traffic than acting
as a
database server! By creating /etc/notrouter, we
prevent it from
configuring
itself as a router.
2. Where should this machine forward packets to?
All systems connected to a network can deliver IP
traffic directly to
other
systems on the same subnet. If the destination IP
address is on a
remote
network, the system will deliver the traffic to a
router. The system
consults the routing table to determine which router
it should forward
a
particular IP datagram to. Routing tables typically
contain one or more
of
three types of entries.
A network route specifies which router to choose to
forward traffic
directed
to a particular IP network. A host route specifies a
router for traffic
going to a particular host, and the (usual) default
route specifies a
router
for all traffic that is not specified by a net or host
route.
3. How does this machine acquire the routing
information it needs in
order
to answer question 2?
There are three sources a machine can use to acquire
routing
information.
The information can be entered into the routing table
by a system
administrator or read from a file. A very common case
is of a system
that is
connected to a subnetwork with only one router on it.
Obviously all
remote
traffic must be sent to this router. If we create a
file called
/etc/defaultrouter containing the local IP address of
the router, this
file is read by the system at boot time, a default
route is added to the
routing table, and it remains there until it is
manually removed or the system
shuts down. No further, automatic updates to the
routing table occur.
A second way to learn where the default router is, is
for the system to
broadcast a special request called a router
solicitation message when
it boots. Many routers, and Solaris systems running as
routers respond to
these messages. If the system receives a response it
updates it's routing
table with a default route. This will remain in the
table as long as the
router continues to provide the service. If the
default router "disappears"
the host will broadcast a new solicitation message to
find a new router.
The third way for the system to learn about routers is
to monitor
"Router Information Protocol" broadcasts. Essentially,
every 30 seconds or so
routers dump their routing tables into a UDP packet
and broadcast it to
all attached networks. Hosts that are listening for
these RIP broadcasts
update their routing tables automatically as they
learn new information about
the network.
My experience is that most Solaris administrators
either create an
/etc/defaultrouter file or depend on the router
discovery protocol to
configure a default route for them.
Your post suggests that your system, if it has more
than one interface,
is not itself acting as a router - you have an
/etc/notrouter file, which
presumably was there last time the system booted - and
that it is
listening to, and acting on RIP broadcasts to maintain
it's routing table.
Thank you,
Sree.
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